Timur，亦作Tamerlane或Tamburlaine。
信仰伊斯蘭教的土耳其征服者，曾征服由印度、俄羅斯到地中海地區領域。帖木兒生於撒馬爾罕附近，加入成吉思汗兒子察合台的戰役後，居住於河間地帶（今烏茲別克）。後來其使用詭計，接管了河間地帶地區，並宣佈自己是蒙古帝國的重建者。1330年代他開始征服波斯，並於1383～1385年期間佔領呼羅珊和波斯東部。1386～1394年期間，波斯西部、美索不達米亞和喬治亞也被其征服。後他又用一年時間佔領了莫斯科。後波斯爆發起義，他對此進行了殘酷的鎮壓，並屠殺了全城的居民。1398年他又入侵印度，並一路殺戮，血流成河。接下來，他有進軍大馬士革和巴格達，將大馬士革的技工派往撒馬爾罕，並摧毀巴格達所有紀念建築。1404年他又準備入侵中國，但卻提前在三月死去。儘管帖木兒試圖使撒馬爾罕成為亞洲最壯麗的城市，但是他還是願意不斷地出征作戰。他最永久的紀念物是撒馬爾罕及其王朝的建築紀念碑，那時撒馬爾罕是一個學術和科學中心。
1336～1405年
Timur
orTamburlaineTurkic conqueror of Islamic faith whose conquests reached from India and Russia to the Mediterranean Sea. Born near Samarqand, he settled in Transoxania (modern Uzbekistan) after taking part in campaigns there with Genghis Khan's son Chagatai. (Timur Lenk, or Tamerlane, means “Timur the Lame,” reflecting the battle wounds he received.) Through machinations and treachery he took over Transoxania and proclaimed himself the restorer of the Mongol empire. In the 1380s he began his conquest of Persia, taking Khorasan and eastern Persia in 1383-85 and western Persia as far as Mesopotamia and Georgia in 1386-94. He occupied Moscow for a year. When revolts broke out in Persia, he ruthlessly suppressed them, massacring the populations of whole cities. In 1398 he invaded India, leaving a trail of carnage. Next he marched on Damascus and Baghdad, deporting the artisans of the former to Samarkand and destroying all the monuments of the latter. In 1404 he prepared to march on China but died early in the march. Though Timur strove to make Samarkand the most splendid city in Asia, he himself preferred to be always on the move. His most lasting memorials are the architectural monuments of Samarkand and the dynasty he established, under which Samarkand became a center of scholarship and science.
