Mendel, Gregor (Johann)
奧地利植物學家和研究人員。1843年成為奧古斯丁會修士，後來到維也納大學學習。1856年在修道院的花園裏工作，開始進行實驗，建立了後來遺傳學的基礎。他取具有明顯對立的性狀（植株的高矮、花色的有無、莢果的形狀等）的豌豆進行雜交，得出結論：顯性性狀在不同的植株和它們的後代中的出現取決於成對的遺傳元素，即現在所説的基因。孟德爾的資料中新穎的見解是提出基因是遵循簡單的統計規則的。他的理論體系被證實具有普遍性，是植物學的基本原理之一。他在去世後才透過科倫斯、切爾馬克.封.賽塞內格和德弗里斯的研究證實才聞名於世，他們各自得出相似的結論，並發現早在三十四年前孟德爾就已做出相同的實驗資料和定出一般性的理論。
1822～1884年
Mendel, Gregor (Johann)
Austrian botanist and plant experimenter. He became an Augustinian monk in 1843 and later studied at the University of Vienna. In 1856, working in his monastery's garden, he began the experiments that led to his formulation of the basic principle of heredity. He crossed varieties of the garden pea that had maintained constant differences in such single alternative traits as tallness and dwarfishness, flower color, and pod form. He theorized that the occurrence of the visible alternative traits of the plants, in the constant varieties and in their descendants, was due to the occurrence of paired elementary units of heredity, now known as genes. What was new in Mendel's interpretation of his data was his recognition that genes obey simple statistical laws. His system proved to be of general application and is one of the basic principles of biology. He achieved fame only after his death, through the work of Carl Erich Correns, Erich Tschermak von Seysenegg, and Hugo de Vries, who independently obtained similar results and found that both the experimental data and the general theory had been published 34 years previously.
