什麼是科普蘭

Copland, Aaron

什麼是科普蘭

美國作曲家,善於以一種富有表現力的現代風格,展現出以美國主題為特色的音樂。父母為俄羅斯猶太移民。在法國楓丹白露隨魯賓.戈德馬克和布朗熱學習。雖然他的興趣廣泛,但他的音樂吸收了美國音樂的特色,尤其是1930年代以後。他和賽興士(R. Sessions)一起贊助紐約的一系列新音樂的音樂會,與人共同創辦美國作曲家聯盟,並擔任主席(1937~1945)。在伯克夏音樂中心(Berkshire Music Center)任教逾二十年。他着名的三部芭蕾舞劇︰《比利小子》(1938)、《牧區競技》(1942)和《阿帕拉契之春》(1944,獲普立茲獎)。他作了一系列電影音樂,其中最着名的是《人鼠之間》(1939)、《我們的城鎮》(1940)和《女繼承人》(1948)。他的管絃樂作品有一首鋼琴協奏曲(1926)、《墨西哥沙龍》(1936)、《林肯素描》(1942)、一首單簧管協奏曲(1948)、三首交響曲(1924、1933、1946)。其他作品還有:歌劇《第二次颶風》(1937)和《温柔鄉》(1954)等。

1900~1990年

Copland, Aaron

U.S. composer. Born to immigrant parents in Brooklyn, N.Y., he studied with Rubin Goldmark and later with N. Boulanger at Fontainebleau. Though cosmopolitan in his tastes, he adopted notably American traits in his music, especially after c. 1930. With R. Sessions, he sponsored an important series of new-music concerts in New York. He cofounded the American Composers Alliance, serving as president 1937-45. For over 20 years he headed the Berkshire Music Center's faculty. Famously public-spirited and generous, he came to be unofficially regarded as the U.S.'s national composer. He is best known for his ballets, including Billy the Kid (1938), Rodeo (1942), and Appalachian Spring (1944, Pulitzer Prize). His influential film scores include Of Mice and Men (1939), Our Town (1940), and The Heiress (1948). His orchestral works include a piano concerto (1926), El Salón México (1936), A Lincoln Portrait (1942), a clarinet concerto (1948), and three symphonies (1924, 1933, 1946). His other works include the operas The Second Hurricane (1936) and The Tender Land (1954), the piano trio Vitebsk (1929), and the Piano Variations (1930).