Pole, Reginald
英格蘭天主教高級教士。亨利七世之表親。1521～1527年被亨利八世派往義大利學習，並在教會中任低等公職。他反對亨利的反教廷政策，寫作了《維護教會的統一》（1536）以維護教宗的精神權威。後來擔任樞機主教，教宗保祿三世派他去策動歐洲信奉天主教的君主共同反對英王亨利。這些行為激怒了亨利，他處死了波爾的兄弟蒙塔古勛爵（1538）和母親索爾斯伯利伯爵夫人瑪格麗特（1541）。1541年波爾任教宗駐聖彼得區長官，後來擔任使節主持了特倫託會議。1553年信奉天主教的瑪麗.都鐸即英格蘭王位（稱瑪麗一世）後，他被任命為駐英格蘭使節，波爾在那裏進行教會改革並對女王產生了重大的影響。1556年被任命為坎特伯裏大主教，但是羅馬教宗與英格蘭盟國西班牙之間的鬥爭使得教宗削奪了波爾的權力並宣佈他為異教徒。受到瑪麗女王去世的沈重打擊，他在女王死後十二小時也去世。
1500～1558年
Pole, Reginald
English Catholic prelate. A cousin of Henry VII, Pole was sent by Henry VIII to study in Italy (1521-27) and given minor offices in the church. Critical of Henry's antipapal policies, he wrote In Defense of Ecclesiastical Unity (1536) to defend the pope's spiritual authority. As cardinal, he was sent by Pope Paul III on missions to persuade Catholic monarchs to depose Henry. These efforts angered Henry, who executed Pole's brother, Lord Montague (1538), and his mother, Margaret, countess of Salisbury (1541). Pole was named papal governor of the Patrimony of St. Peter and later was presiding legate at the Council of Trent. When the Catholic Mary Tudor became queen as Mary I in 1553, he was appointed legate for England, where he instituted church reforms and was a strong influence on the queen. He was appointed archbishop of Canterbury (1556), but a conflict between the papacy and England's ally Spain caused the pope to cancel Pole's authority and declare him a heretic. Demoralized, he died 12 hours after the death of Queen Mary.
